National Park Phong Nha - Ke Bang in Quang Binh - Central Vietnam. With a total area 343.300ha, which is the core area and buffer zone 220.000ha 123.300ha, Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park is located in the districts of Quang Ninh, Bo Trach and Minh Hoa, Dong Hoi City and 50km northwest .
Besides the historical value of geology, topography, geomorphology, Phong Nha - Ke Bang is also blessed gift for the mysterious landscapes, majestic. National Park Phong Nha - Ke Bang hides many mysteries of nature, the cave as the magnificent castle in limestone mountains are artifacts from millions of years ago.
Phong Nha - Ke Bang is like a giant geological museum worth and global significance by complex geological structure, gathers many different rocks like sandstone, quartz, schist, slate siliceous limestone, stone mac container, stone granodiorite, diorite stone, stone aplite, pegmatite ... Phong Nha - Ke Bang also contains historical complex geological development, lasting from 400 million years of Earth. Experiencing the important tectonic phase and phase fault movement, coordination platform, folded, making the rolling mountains and sedimentary basins with subsidence. These fluctuations also contributed to the diversity of geology, topography, geomorphology.
Karst, Phong Nha - Ke Bang has featured in many global developmental stages from late Ordovician - Silurian (463.9 to 430 million years ago) to Quaternary (1.75 million years ago). A peculiar characteristic here is the system of underground rivers and caves in the limestone mountains.
Non-limestone landforms region have in common is low mountains covered with vegetation on the surface. The process of creating the shelf eroded along the river valleys of the Son and Chay at the edges of the limestone in the center. Terrain transitions are different types of limestone interlayer.
Located in an area with average annual rainfall is quite high but the water here was soaked and undercurrents in the heart of the limestone, over millions of years has created numerous caves in the area. In Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park has about 300 large and small caves are divided into three main systems: systems Phong Nha cave system and cave systems RUC Arch Trail.
Phong Nha system has a total length of about 80km south derived from the Ke Bang limestone mountain. The main gate of dynamic systems are Khe Ry and En situated at an altitude of 300m above sea level. The cave in the distribution system in the form of branch runs northeast - southwest.
The system runs with total length of over 35km rooted RUC Ca Roong cave, located at an altitude of 360m above sea level and ending with Vom Cave. The system runs on the axis with the general direction is south - north. Ruc Ca Roong River sometimes hides in the mountains, sometimes appeared on the narrow and deep valley, and flows into the Chay river in the cave dome.
Ruc Mon caves system lies in Minh Hoa district is also one of the largest cave but much untapped.
Some caves in typical Phong Nha - Ke Bang is Phong Nha, Tien Son Cave, Thien Duong Cave, Dark, En cave, cave Khe Ry, particularly Son Doong cave is considered the world's largest cave with a height of about 200 meters, where up to 250 m wide by 200 m, a length of at least 8.5 kilometers.
With characteristics of topography, climate, soil, hydrology of Phong Nha - Ke Bang has formed a rich flora, diverse and unique. Results investigation, survey noted Phong Nha - Ke Bang has vast tropical forest floor, covering 93.57% of the natural area, including nearly 83.74% of the area is covered by forest or almost primeval virgin forest. The richness, diversity of ingredients, types of rare flora and fauna in Phong Nha - Ke Bang is the inevitable consequence of habitat conditions and is typical of the forest ecology here.
In this national park scientists have listed 2,400 species of vascular plants with 208 orchid species including many rare species listed in the Red Data Book of Vietnam and IUCN. Besides, 140 mammal species, 356 birds, 97 reptiles, 47 schizophrenic, 162 fish species, 369 species of insects, including many species on the Red Book of Vietnam and the world such as Sao La, Bringing More, With CTS, Ha Tinh langur ... Phong Nha - Ke Bang is like a giant creature museum in Vietnam.
National Park Phong Nha - Ke Bang has 2 times been recognized as a UNESCO World Natural Heritage: the first in January 7/2003 27th Conference meeting in Paris (France) and on July 2nd / 2015 at the 39th Conference meeting in Bonn (Federal Republic of Germany).
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